Trigger Finger
WHAT IS TRIGGER FINGER?
Trigger finder (also called tenosynovitis) affects the tendons inside the finger or thumb. Tendons are cord-like fibers that attach muscle to bone. They allow you to bend and straighten your fingers.
With trigger finger, the tendons become swollen and inflamed. So does the synovium. This is a slick membrane that allows the tendons to move easily. These problems make it difficult to straighten the finger or thumb.
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CAUSES
Most often, the cause is unknown. Repeated use of a tool, such as a drill, might irritate and inflame the tendons and synovium. Arthritis or an injury to the palm of the hand may also be involved.
SYMPTOMS
Pain and swelling can occur in the finger joint, often where the finger meets the palm. As the tendon gets more inflamed, the finger may catch, then lock in a bent position. When the locked tendon releases, the finger jumps, as if releasing the trigger of a gun. This further irritates the tendon and may set up a cycle that worsens swelling.
DIAGNOSING & TREATING TRIGGER FINGER
Your doctor can usually tell from examining your finger or thumb whether a tendon is inflamed. Treatment will depend on the severity of your condition. Work with your doctor to understand your options. Be sure to get answers to any questions you have.
EVALUATING YOUR FINGER
You will be asked to make a fist and then straighten your fingers. The affected finger or thumb may stay curled and then suddenly pop to a straight position. Or, you may have to straighten it with your other hand. The doctor may check the base of your finger or thumb for tenderness and swelling.
TREATING TRIGGER FINGER
Mild symptoms are often treated by resting the finger and taking anti-inflammatory medication, such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Your doctor may also recommend injections of a stronger anti-inflammatory, such as cortisone, in the base of the finger or thumb. This treatment can further reduce swelling and may relieve the “catching” of the tendon.
SURGERY
If other treatments fail to relieve your symptoms, surgery may be recommended. The sheath that surrounds the tendon is opened to enlarge the space and release the swollen tendon. This allows the finger or thumb to bend and straighten again. Surgery can often be done under a local anesthetic.
You will likely go home the same day. Your hand will be bandaged, and you may need to wear a splint for a short time. The stitches will be removed in 1 to 2 weeks. Your doctor will discuss the benefits and risks of the surgery with you.
